Genetics 03: What is Darwin's Theory of Evolution?
遺傳學 03: 何謂達爾文進化論?
Yiler
Article A
In Darwin's theory of evolution, it is described that individuals with traits that are beneficial in their environment are more likely to survive thus more likely to have chances to reproduce and this is the reason why animals evolve. Darwin categorized evolution to three categories, natural selection, artificial selection, and sexual selection. Natural selection means wether if the beneficial individuals can survive was chosen by the state of the environment, while artificial selection is done by breeders selecting the more beneficial individuals to mate. Sexual selection is the evolution decided by how attractive an individual is because being attractive gives an individual more chance to mate.
Article B
Microevolution is an evolution that happens in the short period of time and usually in a small population. A microevolution can be caused in a few ways: mutation, migration, genetic drift, or natural selection. Mutation is when individuals within the population mutate and contribute new genes to the gene pool. Migration is when a group of new individual carrying different genes joins a population, the migrated individuals will contribute different genes to the gene pool thus causes a microevolution. Genetic drift is the situation where some individuals have more chances to mate by luck therefore their genes and traits get pass down more effectively, and natural selection is when some individuals have traits that help them to survive so their genes are more likely to be passed down.
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Steve
Article A
Genetic evolution is the process of inheriting physical or behavioural traits through reproduction. Evolution traits are decided by two main selections methods, natural selection and, artificial selection. Artificial selections is when humans decides which animals should breed and natural selections is based on nature. Natural will allow the fittest animal to pass on their genes and the animals that are more attractive to others will get a higher chance to pass down their genes. Today, this theory is called “modern evolution theory” but before genes were discovered, these things were theorized by Darwin and known as “Darwin's Theory of Evolution”.
Article B
Darwinian fitness, also known as evolutionary fitness, refers to the measure of an individual organism's or genotype's reproductive success. Traits like resistance to disease, efficient mating, parental care, and greater adaptability can lead to a higher evolutionary fitness score. Those with a higher score, are more likely to become more prevalent in the population and those with lower scores are more also more likely to decrease in frequency and disappear. There evolutionary fitness score can be split into two different types, the absolute fitness score, and the relative fitness score. Absolute fitness quantifies the proportional change in the abundance of a genotype over one generation solely due to natural selection and relative fitness is is a measure of the comparison of the absolute fitness of one individual or genotype to the absolute fitness of other individuals or genotypes in the population.