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--- designer-babies [2024/01/25 22:57] – yiler.huang
+++ designer-babies [2024/01/31 02:34] (current) – scott.chen
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-====== Genetics 05: Designer Babies ======
+<html>
+<h1 class="sectionedit1 page-header pb-3 mb-4 mt-5" id="welcome_歡迎蒞臨">Genetics 05: Designer Babies<br>遺傳學 05: 基改嬰兒<a class="anchorjs-link " href="#welcome_歡迎蒞臨" aria-label="Anchor link for: welcome_歡迎蒞臨" data-anchorjs-icon="" style="font-family: anchorjs-icons; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1; padding-left: 0.375em;"></a></h1>
+</html>
 ===== Yiler =====
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 Polygenetic diseases are conditions contributed by multiple genes, and polygenetic risk scores is the system designed to calculate the likelihood of someone getting a polygenetic disease. Polygenetic risk scores are calculated by gathering a group of people with a certain condition and a group of healthy people and compare the patterns in their genes, through this process we can know about what patterns of genes are more likely to cause certain diseases. This method could only tell us what combinations of genes can cause certain condition without telling us how these genes actually work to increase the risks of a person. Another potential problems was that most of the samples collected in the world are contributed by people from the European region, which means the data we have might not be able to accurately represent the situation in the whole world.
+==== Infographic ====
+{{::yiler-week-5-science-reading-infographic.png?1200|}}
+==== Sources ====
+https://www.genome.gov/Health/Genomics-and-Medicine/Polygenic-risk-scores
+===== Steve =====
+==== Article A ====
+People have used preimplantation genetic testing for decades to select embryos that do not have genetic issues. Recently, a Californian based startup called, Orchid Bioscience, offers prospective parents genetic testing prior to conception to calculate how likely they will be to pass on genetic issues to their child. This will allow them to identify the healthiest embryos for pregnancy. However, researchers are skeptical about Orchid's techniques because they are using polygenic risk scores which tries to sum up the likelihood of getting a disease by observing patterns of variation. This concerns researchers when used in this context because, science does not know enough about these variants to know if it will increase the chance of a person getting a certain disease.
+==== Article B ====
+The PGT process starts with the sperm and the egg being extracted from a male and a female. An embryo is then created via the process of IVF which is basically fertilizing an egg with sperms in a lab. Then some DNA is taken from the embryo for testing while the embryo is frozen while testing of the DNA sample is taking place. If the results are positive, the embryo that is suitable for transfer will be arranged to be placed back into the mother.
+===== Infographic ====
+{{ :steve-ivf-pgt-drawing2.svg |}}
+==== Sources ====
+Human egg: https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/08165158/p6480199-human_spermatozoa_fertilizing_an_egg.jpg?crop=4:3,smart&width=1200&height=900&upscale=true
+Human embryo: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_embryonic_development
+AND
+https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/HumanEmbryogenesis.svg
+PGT article: https://fertility.wustl.edu/treatments-services/genetic-counseling/preimplantation-genetic-testing-pgt/
+IVF article: https://www.monashivf.com/services/fertility-treatment-options/the-ivf-process/