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| steve-wang-arduino [2022/12/27 22:50] – created steve.wang | steve-wang-arduino [2022/12/28 22:50] (current) – [Testing Arduino with speaker] yu.lee | ||
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| Tell complete story of circuit. (button) (potentiometer) | Tell complete story of circuit. (button) (potentiometer) | ||
| - | ==== Introduction ==== | + | ===== Introduction |
| - | First we learnt the basics. Resistors, potentiometers, | + | First we learnt |
| + | |||
| + | ===== Resistor 1 (Red, Black, Red, Gold)===== | ||
| + | Resistor Value: 2000 Ohms | ||
| + | The light bulb on this is the least bright because it has the most resistance. So, it makes sense that this LED is the least bright out of the three. | ||
| + | {{: | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Resistor 2 (Brown, Black, Red, Gold)===== | ||
| + | Resistor Value: 1000 Ohms | ||
| + | The brightness is almost as bright as the on with resistor 3. That should not be becuase this resistor has a greater resistor value. It may be because I am using my hand to conduct some electricity. Therefore, bypassing the resistor. I have no idea this is just a guess. | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{: | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Resistor 3 (Yellow, Purple, Brown, Gold)===== | ||
| + | Resistor Value: 470 Ohms | ||
| + | The brightness is almost as bright as the on with resistor 2 which is weird becuase resistor 2 has a greater resistor value and the bulb connected to resistor 2 should be less bright compared to this bulb. Again, it may be becuase I did not connect the wires properly on this circuit which resulted on the electricity not flowing properly. | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{: | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Learning How to Measure Voltage ===== | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | Number of Bulbs, | ||
| + | 1,4.49 , | ||
| + | 2, 2.51, | ||
| + | 3, 0.79, | ||
| + | 4, | ||
| + | |||
| + | </ | ||
| + | === 1 Light Bulb === | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{: | ||
| + | |||
| + | === 2 Light Bulb === | ||
| + | {{ : | ||
| + | === 3 Light Bulb === | ||
| + | {{ : | ||
| + | === 4 Light Bulb === | ||
| + | It was weird when the I measured the volts of the resistance it was 0. I think it is becuase all the light bulbs have used up all the electrcity and by the time the elctricity gets to the resistor, there was no more electricity left to resist. | ||
| + | {{ : | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Conclusions === | ||
| + | The amount of current recroded at the resistores decreases as the amount of LEDs increases. | ||
| + | The totoal current stays about the same. | ||
| + | |||
| + | The amount of current recorded next to the LEDs decreases as the amount of LEDs increases. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Testing with Potentiometer(A2k) with Terminal 1 and 2 ===== | ||
| + | Then, we learnt how to use potentiometers. | ||
| + | For this one, I followed the instructions | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | <iframe width=" | + | <iframe width=" |
| </ | </ | ||
| - | {{:students: | + | ===== Testing Potentiometer(A2k) with Terminal 2 and 3 ===== |
| + | At first, I thought the difference was it was brighter this time. However, after a demonstration, | ||
| + | |||
| + | < | ||
| + | <iframe width=" | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | we learnt the basics. Resistors, potentiometers, | ||
| + | |||
| + | < | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | <iframe width=" | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Learning More Tools ====== | ||
| + | Things like, switches, potentiometers, | ||
| + | ===== Switch ==== | ||
| + | - Mode 1: | ||
| + | - The left and the right forms a closed circuit. | ||
| + | - Mode 2: | ||
| + | - The middle and one of the side forms a closed curcuit | ||
| + | |||
| + | New resistor : 150Ohms | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Testing with multiple LEDS ==== | ||
| + | {{ :steve-bread3.jpg? | ||
| + | ==== Testing with a switch and potentiometer ==== | ||
| + | I figured out how the switch worked. I used the multimeter to figure it out. | ||
| + | {{ :steve-bread1.jpg? | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Alternationg circuit with switch ====== | ||
| + | {{ : | ||
| + | {{ : | ||
| + | On one side of the switch when it is up, the left side and the right side. When the switch is donw, the middle and the right side of the switch form a closed circuit. So, to get alternating lights, the power is always needed so it shuld be connected to the right hole. To ensure the breadboard does not mess with the swith, the I need to make sure the other side is not plugged in. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Breadboard explanation ===== | ||
| + | The rows from that are of english letters are connected so if one of the holes on that row is powered all of the holes are powered. However, the two lines on the side are different. If one of the point is powered all the ones on the same collum is powered. Only for those four rows only. So, the breadboard is very useful when making intricate ciruits that need to be squashed in small spaces. Also, with this alligator clips are now useless. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Capacitor ===== | ||
| + | ===== Results ===== | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | Resistor amounts, time, | ||
| + | 470,1s | ||
| + | 2K,5.8s, | ||
| + | 27K,1.14m | ||
| + | 50K (new capacitor), | ||
| + | 100K, | ||
| + | |||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | My results are a bit weird becuase halfway through, I though that my capacitor was broken. I tried to charge it using the 227k resistor | ||
| + | ====== Charging Capacitor ====== | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | <iframe width=" | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | ====== Discharging capacitor ====== | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | <iframe width=" | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | As you increase the resistance, what happens to the charging time? | ||
| + | The charging time increases. When the amount of voltage in the capacitor increases, the charging rate of the capacitor increases. | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | {{: | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Transistor ===== | ||
| + | ===== Modifying the AC adapter to work with your breadboard ===== | ||
| + | {{: | ||
| + | {{: | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Circuit with transistor | ||
| + | The transistor makes a closed circuit with the one on the left and right if there is power going through the middle one. | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | {{:steve-img-6301.jpg? | ||
| + | {{: | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | < | ||
| + | <iframe width=" | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | ===== Circuit with transistor without switch ====== | ||
| + | This works because my hand acts like the switch. When my hand is touching the wires, I conduct the electricity. When my hand is not there the circuit is open and the LED does not light up | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{: | ||
| + | {{: | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | < | ||
| + | <iframe width=" | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== With That, We Build A Few Simple Systems ===== | ||
| + | ====== Steve building an oscillator ====== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Components: | ||
| + | - Capacitor *2 | ||
| + | - Transistor | ||
| + | - Wires *5 | ||
| + | - Staple bullets wires *2 | ||
| + | - 230 ohm resistor *2 | ||
| + | - 9800 9.8k ohm resistor *2 | ||
| + | - Potentiometer left high right low. | ||
| + | ===== Basic oscillator ===== | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | <iframe width=" | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | {{: | ||
| + | Both LEDs almost have a closed circuit they are blocked by a transistor. We want to activate the transistor by discharging a capacitor. So, we have to charge the capacitor first. Both capacitors do not charge at the same speed because, even though the resistors should have the same amount of resistance, they are not built perfectly so they do not. One of the capacitors will charge faster which will allow it to discharge earlier than the other. That would cause one of the LEDs to light up earlier than the other. When the other capacitor is ready to discharge, the first capacitor has already finished discharging which causes the first LED to turn off. That is how the circuit to have alternating LEDs. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== With Potentiometer ====== | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | <iframe width=" | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | {{: | ||
| + | {{: | ||
| + | |||
| + | The resistor controls the blinking speed because, the resistor controls speed the capacitor charges at. If the charging of capacitor slows down, the LED will need more time before it can turn on. I can add resistance by adding a resistor with greater resistance and doing that would slow down the current. To change the amount of resistance without swapping out parts, I can use a potentiometer. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Using A potentiometer ===== | ||
| + | {{ :steve-img-6342.jpg? | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | <iframe width=" | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | ===== Speaker with Potentiometer ===== | ||
| + | {{ : | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | <iframe width=" | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | ===== Speaker with Switch ===== | ||
| + | {{ : | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | <iframe width=" | ||
| + | <iframe width=" | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Circuit Illustration and Explanations ===== | ||
| + | {{ : | ||
| + | {{ : | ||
| + | |||
| + | Resistor: Resist flow of current. Resistance is measured in ohms (Omega). | ||
| + | |||
| + | Transistor: An electrical component that can switch circuits on and off and amplify signals | ||
| + | |||
| + | Capacitor: Stores energy like a battery but discharges much faster | ||
| + | |||
| + | Speaker: When it has electricity, | ||
| + | |||
| + | Potentiometer: | ||
| + | |||
| + | Momentary Switch: A switch that creates a circuit only when presses. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Connecting Our Circuits With Computers ===== | ||
| + | ===== Testing Arduino | ||
| + | {{ : | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | <iframe width=" | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | ===== Testing Arduino With Lights | ||
| + | {{ : | ||
| + | {{ : | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | <iframe width=" | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | ===== Testing Arduino with Speaker ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{ : | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | <iframe width=" | ||
| + | <iframe width=" | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Testing With Force Sensitive Resistor ===== | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | <iframe width=" | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Projects ===== | ||
| + | ==== Toilet Flusher ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | This is a button I made with the arduino for the Old Man Simulation. It works like this: When I hold donw the button , it starts a time and plays a little sound and when the simulation is done, the person clicks on the button which plays the flush sound effect by [[https:// | ||
| + | Here is the video: | ||
| + | |||
| + | < | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Resistor Calculator ===== | ||
| + | This resistor calculator can help you find a resistor based on the colors, it can also search for a resistor in the resistors database you will be able to log into. You can also give it a number. With it, it will give you what the numbers equal to and find a resistor that in your database that matches your number. If there are not exact matches, it will find one that is closest. It all can be done with a quick way that you can enter numbers and a user interface that tells you everything that you need to know: | ||
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