====== Electricity and Electronics ======

===== What is electricity? =====

What are electrons? 
  - a slightly modern view: https://www.wtamu.edu/~cbaird/sq/2014/02/07/what-is-the-shape-of-an-electron/
  - atomic structure: https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=h6LPAwAmnCQ&t=49s

===== How can electricity kill you? =====

Watch some videos on how electricity can kill you. Keep notes about the important vocabulary. Be able to explain how electricity can kill you.

Watch these videos in this order:
  - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_cWTWB-N_I
  - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bqIVwa9VFDM
  - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9iKD7vuq-rY
  - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtnmCf2QFTc

===== Where does electricity go when we use it? =====

Where does the 'electricity' go? What happens to the electrons?
  - https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/233851/where-does-electricity-go-after-being-used
  - https://www.wtamu.edu/~cbaird/sq/2016/03/17/does-a-source-of-electricity-ever-run-out-of-electrons/

===== How to use a multimeter? =====

Watch this woman explain how to use a multimeter.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SECWePatYjY

===== How batteries work =====

  * https://www.wondriumdaily.com/how-do-batteries-work-and-run-out/
  * https://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-maths-technology/science/physics-and-astronomy/physics/how-do-batteries-work
  * batteries, capacity, maximum current explainer: https://www.pololu.com/blog/2/understanding-battery-capacity-ah-is-not-a

==== rechargeable batteries ====

  * https://www.panasonic-eneloop.eu/en/news/how-do-rechargeable-batteries-work
  * https://electronics.howstuffworks.com/everyday-tech/battery5.htm
  * https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Analytical_Chemistry)/Electrochemistry/Exemplars/Rechargeable_Batteries

===== resistors and potentiometers =====

{{:resistor-labeled.jpg?600|}}

  * https://uk.rs-online.com/web/generalDisplay.html?id=ideas-and-advice/resistors-guide
  * https://www.wikihow.com/Identify-Resistors
  * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistor
  * https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/video-lectures/electronic-components-resistors/

Measuring resistance:
  - measure the resistance in a resistor
  - measure the resistance in a potentiometer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SECWePatYjY

==== about potentiometers ====

{{:potentiometer-labeled.jpg?600|}}

https://randomnerdtutorials.com/electronics-basics-how-a-potentiometer-works/

Measure your resistors and potentiometers.

===== schematics tutorials =====

https://www.circuitbasics.com/how-to-read-schematics/
https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/how-to-read-a-schematic/all

===== some textbooks on electricity and circuits =====

https://openpress.usask.ca/physics155/

===== breadboards =====

Especially see halfway down the page the section on "Anatomy of a Breadboard":

https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/how-to-use-a-breadboard/all

===== how a switch works =====

https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/button-and-switch-basics/all

===== relays =====

  * https://www.swe-check.com.au/editorials/understanding_relays.php
  * https://tutorial.cytron.io/2012/08/01/identify-terminal-pins-of-a-relay-without-reference-to-datasheet-2/

===== first oscillator: astable multivibrator =====

First one is a good tutorial on building the circuit; I followed this spec. The second one is a good explanation of why it works.

  * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vEB51qd21Do
  * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EZ0YZcC84m4

This is a good technical description of the astable multivibrator:
  * https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/waveforms/astable.html

Here's an [[led-oscillator|astable multivibrator with potentiometer to control oscillation speed]].

Use an astable vibrator to produce audio:

===== Force Sensitive Resistor =====

A good tutorial on force-sensitive resistors: https://lastminuteengineers.com/fsr-arduino-tutorial/

Here's [[electronics-fsr-01|a circuit which uses an FSR to control an LED.]]

===== exercises ===== 

  * [[electronics-series-parallel|compare the difference between three LEDs in series and parallel]]
  * [[electronics-switch-green-red|a circuit with a switch to alternate between green and red LEDs]]

===== chaotic circuits =====

https://www.chaotic-circuits.com/

===== using speakers =====

breadboard speakers:

  * https://www.instructables.com/Breadboard-Speaker/
  * https://www.instructables.com/LETS-MAKE-a-PORTABLE-SPEAKER-ON-a-BREADBOARD/

===== speaker design =====

  * https://www.nytimes.com/1986/10/19/arts/sound-the-importance-of-the-loudspeaker-box.html

===== DIY synths =====

https://northcoastsynthesis.com/synth-diy-projects/

===== universal PCBs =====

  * https://hillmancurtis.com/universal-pcb/
  * https://www.instructables.com/How-to-Prototype-Without-Using-Printed-Circuit-Boa/

===== first circuit to circuit board: LED with switch and 9V battery =====

[[electronics-first-circuitboard-led|Here's a first circuit to practice.]]

Once you have done that, try making [[electronics-oscillator-in-a-box|this oscillator on a circuit board and then installed in a plastic container]].

===== designing custom arduino shields =====

https://resources.altium.com/p/how-design-custom-arduino-shield-board

===== using johnny five to control an arduino-based UV sensor =====

[[electronics-uv-sensor-arduino|This code]] will allow you to display the data from a UV sensor attached to your Arduino.