====== Design Principles ======

Every field of design has principles that it uses to guide its work. 

==== properties of forms ====

After points and lines, designs are made up of forms. Forms have the following properties:

  - **vertices**
  - **shape/form:** geometric/organic, curvilinear/rectilinear, regular/irregular, concave/convex
  - **size:** large/small, thick/thin
  - **line:** line weight
  - **volume:** flat/volumetric
  - **color:** monochromatic, two-tone, harmonic, dissonant, riotous, other palettes
  - **value**
  - **texture**
  - **orientation**
  - **style**

===== principles of visual design =====

The following principles of visual design are gathered from a variety of [[design-principles#sources|sources]].

  - structure: geometric/organic
  - alignment
  - repetition
  - pattern
  - contrast
  - similarity
  - variety
  - unity
  - harmony/disharmony
  - consistency
  - anomaly
  - proportion
  - scale
  - movement 
  - rhythm
  - continuation
  - transformation (including addition and subtraction)
  - closure
  - gradation
  - radiation
  - hierarchy/subordination
  - emphasis/concentration/focus
  - dominance
  - balance
  - negative space
  - proximity: overlap/padding
  - grouping/chunking/clustering
  - figure/ground
  - perspective
  - simplicity/complexity
  - synthesis

===== grouped principles =====

Miles A. Kimball groups the design principles into the following categories:

  * **Likeness** principles help create coherence over a whole design: **alignment, consistency, symmetry, harmony, unity, simplicity**
  * **Difference** principles help mark the distinction between design elements: **gradation, color, radiation, contrast, variety, rhythm, repetition**
  * **Composition** principles help organize designs to influence our viewpoint: **framing, structure, focal point, perspective, movement**
  * **Architecture** principles focus on visual organization and hierarchy: **context, emphasis, subordination, hierarchy, dominance**
  * **Gestalt** principles govern perception of two-dimensional design objects: **proximity, gestalt, closure, continuation, similarity, attraction**
  * **Grouping** principles organize individual design objects into larger groups and patterns: **chunking, grouping, comparison, pattern**
  * **Space** principles guide the design of the two-dimensional field: **scale, proportion, space, figure/ground, balance**

===== sources =====

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_design_elements_and_principles

https://paperform.co/blog/principles-of-design/

https://www.getty.edu/education/teachers/building_lessons/principles_design.pdf

Kimball, M. A. (2013). Visual design principles: An empirical study of design lore. Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, 43(1), 3-41.

Wong, W. (1972). Principles of two-dimensional design. John Wiley & Sons.

Wong, W. (1993). Principles of form and design. John Wiley & Sons.